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Expo
Expo 及相关软件包的常用方法和类型集合。
安装
API
import * as Expo from 'expo';
expo/fetch API
expo/fetch 提供符合 WinterCG 规范的 Fetch API,可在 Web 和移动环境中保持一致地运行,确保 Expo 应用中的 fetch 体验标准化且跨平台。
**注意:**在 Android 和 iOS 上,
expo/fetch也会安装为全局fetch。这意味着,任何未从expo/fetch导入的fetch(...)调用,都会使用相同的、符合 WinterCG 规范的实现。若要将 React Native 内置的fetch保留为全局fetch,请在环境变量中设置EXPO_PUBLIC_USE_RN_FETCH=1。无论此标志为何值,从expo/fetch导入的命名导出都可以正常使用。
编码 API
TextEncoder 和 TextDecoder 是内置 API,可用于对文本进行各种字符编码的编码和解码。它们在所有平台上均可用。有关 Web 和 Node.js 的支持情况,请参阅浏览器和服务器运行时支持。
TextEncoder API 已包含在 Hermes 引擎中。请参阅 Hermes GitHub 仓库中 TextEncoder.cpp 的源代码。
原生平台上的 TextDecoder API 不符合规范。目前仅支持 UTF-8 编码。如果需要支持更多编码,请使用 text-encoding 等 polyfill。
这些 API 对应的流式版本 TextEncoderStream 和 TextDecoderStream 也在所有平台上可用。它们允许以流式方式对文本进行编码和解码,适用于处理大量数据而无需一次性将其全部加载到内存中。
Streams API
原生平台现已全局支持标准 Web 流,以匹配 Web 和服务器平台上的行为。有关 Web 和 Node.js 的具体支持情况,请参阅浏览器和服务器运行时支持。EAS Hosting 服务器运行时也支持标准 Web Streams API。
全局访问 ReadableStream、WritableStream 和 TransformStream 类。
URL API
URL 在所有平台上均提供标准 API。
在原生平台上,内置的 URL 和 URLSearchParams 实现会取代 react-native 中的 shim。有关 Web 和 Node.js 的支持情况,请参阅浏览器和服务器运行时支持。
Expo 内置的 URL 支持力求完全符合规范。唯一的例外是,原生平台目前不支持主机名中的非 ASCII 字符。
structuredClone
structuredClone 是一个内置函数,可用于创建值的深拷贝,包括 Map、Set 和 ArrayBuffer 等复杂对象。它在所有平台上均可用。
const original = { name: 'Expo', date: new Date() }; const clone = structuredClone(original); console.log(clone); // { name: 'Expo', date: Date }
尚未实现 ArrayBuffer 和 TypedArray 的 transfer 选项。
请移除为 structuredClone 添加的自定义 polyfill,以避免增加冗余。有关详细信息,请参阅结构化克隆算法的标准文档。
Constants
Type: {
canUseEventListeners: boolean,
canUseViewport: boolean,
isAsyncDebugging: boolean,
isDOMAvailable: boolean,
OS: string,
select: PlatformSelect
}
Type: UUID
Hooks
React hook that listens to events emitted by the given object. The returned value is an event parameter that gets updated whenever a new event is dispatched.
InferEventParameter<TEventListener, TInitialValue>A parameter of the event listener.
Example
import { useEvent } from 'expo'; import { VideoPlayer } from 'expo-video'; export function PlayerStatus({ videoPlayer }: { videoPlayer: VideoPlayer }) { const { status } = useEvent(videoPlayer, 'statusChange', { status: videoPlayer.status }); return <Text>{`Player status: ${status}`}</Text>; }
React hook that listens to events emitted by the given object and calls the listener function whenever a new event is dispatched. The event listener is automatically added during the first render and removed when the component unmounts.
voidExample
import { useEventListener } from 'expo'; import { useVideoPlayer, VideoView } from 'expo-video'; export function VideoPlayerView() { const player = useVideoPlayer(videoSource); useEventListener(player, 'playingChange', ({ isPlaying }) => { console.log('Player is playing:', isPlaying); }); return <VideoView player={player} />; }
Returns a shared object, which is automatically cleaned up when the component is unmounted.
TSharedObjectReturns a shared object, delegating dependency changes to lifecycle callbacks.
TSharedObjectClasses
Type: Class extends Error
A general error class that should be used for all errors in Expo modules.
Guarantees a code field that can be used to differentiate between different
types of errors without further subclassing Error.
CodedError Properties
Type: Class extends CodedError
A class for errors to be thrown when a property is accessed which is unavailable, unsupported, or not currently implemented on the running platform.
UnavailabilityError Properties
A class that provides a consistent API for emitting and listening to events.
It shares many concepts with other emitter APIs, such as Node's EventEmitter and fbemitter.
When the event is emitted, all of the functions attached to that specific event are called synchronously.
Any values returned by the called listeners are ignored and discarded.
Its implementation is written in C++ and common for all the platforms.
EventEmitterType Methods
Adds a listener for the given event name.
EventSubscriptionSynchronously calls all the listeners attached to that specific event. The event can include any number of arguments that will be passed to the listeners.
voidReturns a number of listeners added to the given event.
numberRemoves all listeners for the given event name.
voidRemoves a listener for the given event name.
voidFunction that is automatically invoked when the first listener for an event with the given name is added. Override it in a subclass to perform some additional setup once the event started being observed.
voidType: Class extends EventEmitter<TEventsMap>
A class for all native modules. Extends the EventEmitter class.
Type: Class extends EventEmitter<TEventsMap> implements EventEmitter<TEventsMap>
Base class for all shared objects that extends the EventEmitter class.
The implementation is written in C++, installed through JSI and common for mobile platforms.
SharedObjectType Methods
A function that detaches the JS and native objects to let the native object deallocate before the JS object gets deallocated by the JS garbage collector. Any subsequent calls to native functions of the object will throw an error as it is no longer associated with its native counterpart.
In most cases, you should never need to use this function, except some specific performance-critical cases when
manual memory management makes sense and the native object is known to exclusively retain some native memory
(such as binary data or image bitmap). Before calling this function, you should ensure that nothing else will use
this object later on. Shared objects created by React hooks are usually automatically released in the effect's cleanup phase,
for example: useVideoPlayer() from expo-video and useImage() from expo-image.
voidType: Class extends SharedObject<TEventsMap> implements SharedObject<TEventsMap>
A SharedObject that holds a reference to any native object. Allows passing references
to native instances among different independent libraries.
For instance, ImageRef from expo-image references a Drawable
on Android and an UIImage on iOS. Since both types are common on these platforms,
different native modules can use them without depending on each other. In particular, this enables the expo-image-manipulator to pass the resulted image
directly to the image view from expo-image without any additional writes and reads from the file system.
SharedRefType Properties
Methods
Create a new permission hook with the permission methods built-in. This can be used to quickly create specific permission hooks in every module.
(options: PermissionHookOptions<Options>) => [Permission | null, RequestPermissionMethod<Permission>, GetPermissionMethod<Permission>]Create a React ref object that is friendly for snapshots.
It will be represented as [React.ref] in snapshots.
RefObject<T | null>A React ref object.
Installs Expo Modules on the UI worklet runtime so worklet callbacks and serializable SharedObjects work there.
voidReturns a boolean value whether the app is running in Expo Go.
booleanSets the initial React component to render natively in the app's root React Native view on Android, iOS, tvOS and the web.
This method does the following:
- Invokes React Native's
AppRegistry.registerComponent. - Invokes React Native web's
AppRegistry.runApplicationon web to render to the rootindex.htmlfile. - Polyfills the
process.nextTickfunction globally.
This method also adds the following dev-only features that are removed in production bundles.
- Adds the Fast Refresh and bundle splitting indicator to the app.
- Asserts if the
expo-updatespackage is misconfigured. - Asserts if
react-nativeis not aliased toreact-native-webwhen running in the browser.
voidSee: For information on how to setup
registerRootComponentin an existing (bare) React Native app, see Common questions below.
Registers a web module.
InstanceType<ModuleType>A singleton instance of the class passed into arguments.
Reloads the app. This method works for both release and debug builds.
Unlike Updates.reloadAsync(),
this function does not use a new update even if one is available. It only reloads the app using the same JavaScript bundle that is currently running.
Promise<void>Imports the native module registered with given name. In the first place it tries to load the module installed through the JSI host object and then falls back to the bridge proxy module. Notice that the modules loaded from the proxy may not support some features like synchronous functions.
ModuleTypeObject representing the native module.
A drop-in replacement for requireNativeComponent.
ComponentType<P>Imports the native module registered with the given name. The same as requireNativeModule,
but returns null when the module cannot be found instead of throwing an error.
ModuleType | nullObject representing the native module or null when it cannot be found.
Event subscriptions
React hook that listens to events emitted by the given object and calls the listener function whenever a new event is dispatched. The event listener is automatically added during the first render and removed when the component unmounts.
voidExample
import { useEventListener } from 'expo'; import { useVideoPlayer, VideoView } from 'expo-video'; export function VideoPlayerView() { const player = useVideoPlayer(videoSource); useEventListener(player, 'playingChange', ({ isPlaying }) => { console.log('Player is playing:', isPlaying); }); return <VideoView player={player} />; }
Interfaces
A subscription object that allows to conveniently remove an event listener from the emitter.
Types
Literal type: union
A union type for all floating point based TypedArray objects.
Acceptable values are: Float32Array | Float64Array
Literal type: union
A union type for all integer based TypedArray objects.
Acceptable values are: Int8Array | Int16Array | Int32Array
Literal type: union
Permission expiration time. Currently, all permissions are granted permanently.
Acceptable values are: 'never' | number
Literal type: union
Acceptable values are: PermissionHookBehavior | Options
Literal type: union
A TypedArray describes an array-like view of an underlying binary data buffer.
Acceptable values are: IntBasedTypedArray | UintBasedTypedArray | FloatBasedTypedArray
Literal type: union
A union type for all unsigned integer based TypedArray objects.
Acceptable values are: Uint8Array | Uint8ClampedArray | Uint16Array | Uint32Array
Enums
常见问题
关于在项目中使用 expo 包的一些常见问题。
rootRegisterComponent setup for existing React Native projects
如果你手动管理 React Native 项目的原生目录(android 和 ios),则需要按照以下说明设置 registerRootComponent 函数。这是 Expo 模块正常工作的必要条件。
Android
更新 android/app/src/main/your-package/MainActivity.java 文件,在 getMainComponentName 函数中使用名称 main。
iOS
更新 iOS ios/your-project/AppDelegate.(m|mm|swift) 文件,在 application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: 函数的 createRootViewWithBridge:bridge moduleName:@"main" initialProperties:initProps 行中使用 moduleName main。
如果我想将主应用文件命名为 App.js 或 app/_layout.tsx 以外的名称,该怎么办?
对于不使用 Expo Router 的项目,你可以将 package.json 中的 "main" 设置为项目中的任意文件。如果这样做,则需要使用 registerRootComponent。如果使用自定义入口文件,export default 不会将此组件设为应用的根组件。
例如,假设你想将 src/main.jsx 设为应用的入口文件——也许你不喜欢在项目根目录中放置 JavaScript 文件。首先,在 package.json 中进行如下设置:
然后,在 src/main.jsx 中,确保调用 registerRootComponent,并传入你希望在应用根目录处渲染的组件:
对于使用 Expo Router 的项目,你可以按照 Expo Router 安装指南中的步骤创建自定义入口点。若要在 Expo Router 项目中使用顶层 src 目录,请参阅 src 目录参考了解更多信息。