This is documentation for the next SDK version. For up-to-date documentation, see the latest version (SDK 55).
Expo BackgroundFetch
一个提供用于执行后台获取任务 API 的库。
For the complete documentation index, see llms.txt. Use this Use this file to discover all available pages.
已弃用:expo-background-fetch库正在被expo-background-task中的新版本替代。expo-background-fetch不再接收补丁,并将在即将发布的版本中移除。
expo-background-fetch 提供了一个用于执行 后台获取 任务的 API,允许你定期在后台运行特定代码以更新你的应用。此模块在底层使用 TaskManager 原生 API。
已知问题 iOS
BackgroundFetch 仅在应用处于后台时有效;如果应用已终止或设备重启后则无效。你可以查看 相关的 GitHub issue 了解更多详情。
在 iOS 上,BackgroundFetch 库要求你使用 开发构建,因为 iOS Expo Go 应用中未启用 Background Fetch。
安装
- npx expo install expo-background-fetchIf you are installing this in an existing React Native app, make sure to install expo in your project.
配置 iOS
要在 iOS 上运行后台获取任务,你需要在应用的 Info.plist 文件中的 UIBackgroundModes 数组里添加 fetch 值。这是 Background Fetch 正常工作的必需配置。
如果你正在使用 CNG, 所需的 UIBackgroundModes 配置会在 prebuild 过程中自动应用。
在 iOS 上手动配置 UIBackgroundModes
如果你没有使用 Continuous Native Generation (CNG),或者你正在手动使用原生 ios 项目,那么你需要在 Expo.plist 文件中添加以下内容:
<key>UIBackgroundModes</key> <array> <string>fetch</string> </array>
用法
下面是一个演示如何使用 expo-background-fetch 的示例。
import { useState, useEffect } from 'react'; import { StyleSheet, Text, View, Button } from 'react-native'; import * as BackgroundFetch from 'expo-background-fetch'; import * as TaskManager from 'expo-task-manager'; const BACKGROUND_FETCH_TASK = 'background-fetch'; // 1. 通过提供名称和应执行的函数来定义任务 // 注意:这需要在全局作用域中调用(例如在 React 组件外部) TaskManager.defineTask(BACKGROUND_FETCH_TASK, async () => { const now = Date.now(); console.log(`Got background fetch call at date: ${new Date(now).toISOString()}`); // 确保返回成功结果类型! return BackgroundFetch.BackgroundFetchResult.NewData; }); // 2. 在应用中的某个位置注册任务,提供相同的名称, // 以及一些配置选项,用于控制后台获取的行为 // 注意:这不需要位于全局作用域中,并且可以在你的 React 组件中使用! async function registerBackgroundFetchAsync() { return BackgroundFetch.registerTaskAsync(BACKGROUND_FETCH_TASK, { minimumInterval: 60 * 15, // 15 分钟 stopOnTerminate: false, // 仅限 android, startOnBoot: true, // 仅限 android }); } // 3. (可选)通过指定任务名称来注销任务 // 这将取消所有与给定名称匹配的未来后台获取调用 // 注意:这不需要位于全局作用域中,并且可以在你的 React 组件中使用! async function unregisterBackgroundFetchAsync() { return BackgroundFetch.unregisterTaskAsync(BACKGROUND_FETCH_TASK); } export default function BackgroundFetchScreen() { const [isRegistered, setIsRegistered] = useState(false); const [status, setStatus] = useState<BackgroundFetch.BackgroundFetchStatus | null>(null); useEffect(() => { checkStatusAsync(); }, []); const checkStatusAsync = async () => { const status = await BackgroundFetch.getStatusAsync(); const isRegistered = await TaskManager.isTaskRegisteredAsync(BACKGROUND_FETCH_TASK); setStatus(status); setIsRegistered(isRegistered); }; const toggleFetchTask = async () => { if (isRegistered) { await unregisterBackgroundFetchAsync(); } else { await registerBackgroundFetchAsync(); } checkStatusAsync(); }; return ( <View style={styles.screen}> <View style={styles.textContainer}> <Text> Background fetch status:{' '} <Text style={styles.boldText}> {status && BackgroundFetch.BackgroundFetchStatus[status]} </Text> </Text> <Text> Background fetch task name:{' '} <Text style={styles.boldText}> {isRegistered ? BACKGROUND_FETCH_TASK : '尚未注册!'} </Text> </Text> </View> <View style={styles.textContainer}></View> <Button title={isRegistered ? '注销 BackgroundFetch 任务' : '注册 BackgroundFetch 任务'} onPress={toggleFetchTask} /> </View> ); } const styles = StyleSheet.create({ screen: { flex: 1, justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center', }, textContainer: { margin: 10, }, boldText: { fontWeight: 'bold', }, });
触发后台获取
由于后台获取可能不一致地发生,因此测试它们可能比较困难。不过,在开发应用时,你可以手动触发后台获取。
对于 iOS,你可以使用 macOS 上的 Instruments 应用手动触发后台获取:
- 打开 Instruments 应用。可以通过 Spotlight(⌘ + Space)搜索 Instruments 应用,或者从
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Applications/Instruments.app打开 - 选择
Time Profiler - 选择你的设备 / 模拟器,并选择
Expo Go应用 - 点击左上角的
Record按钮 - 导航到
Document菜单并选择Simulate Background Fetch - Expo Go:
对于 Android,你可以将任务的 minimumInterval 选项设置为一个较小的数值,然后像这样将应用切换到后台:
async function registerBackgroundFetchAsync() { return BackgroundFetch.registerTaskAsync(BACKGROUND_FETCH_TASK, { minimumInterval: 1 * 60, // 应用切换到后台 1 分钟后任务会触发 }); }
API
import * as BackgroundFetch from 'expo-background-fetch';
Methods
Deprecated: Use
getStatusAsync()fromexpo-background-taskinstead. Theexpo-background-fetchpackage has been deprecated.
Gets a status of background fetch.
Promise<BackgroundFetchStatus | null>Returns a promise which fulfils with one of BackgroundFetchStatus enum values.
Deprecated: Use
registerTaskAsync()fromexpo-background-taskinstead. Theexpo-background-fetchpackage has been deprecated.
| Parameter | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| taskName | string | Name of the task to register. The task needs to be defined first - see |
| options(optional) | BackgroundFetchOptions | An object containing the background fetch options. Default: {} |
Registers background fetch task with given name. Registered tasks are saved in persistent storage and restored once the app is initialized.
Promise<void>Example
import * as BackgroundFetch from 'expo-background-fetch'; import * as TaskManager from 'expo-task-manager'; TaskManager.defineTask(YOUR_TASK_NAME, () => { try { const receivedNewData = // do your background fetch here return receivedNewData ? BackgroundFetch.BackgroundFetchResult.NewData : BackgroundFetch.BackgroundFetchResult.NoData; } catch (error) { return BackgroundFetch.BackgroundFetchResult.Failed; } });
Deprecated: Use the
registerTaskAsync()method from expo-background-task package, and specifyBackgroundTaskOptionsargument instead, when setting task interval time.
| Parameter | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| minimumInterval | number | Number of seconds that must elapse before another background fetch can be called. |
Sets the minimum number of seconds that must elapse before another background fetch can be initiated. This value is advisory only and does not indicate the exact amount of time expected between fetch operations.
This method doesn't take any effect on Android. It is a global value which means that it can overwrite settings from another application opened through Expo Go.
Promise<void>A promise which fulfils once the minimum interval is set.
Deprecated: Use
unregisterTaskAsync()fromexpo-background-taskinstead. Theexpo-background-fetchpackage has been deprecated.
| Parameter | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| taskName | string | Name of the task to unregister. |
Unregisters background fetch task, so the application will no longer be executing this task.
Promise<void>A promise which fulfils when the task is fully unregistered.
Interfaces
| Property | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| minimumInterval(optional) | number | Inexact interval in seconds between subsequent repeats of the background fetch alarm. The final interval may differ from the specified one to minimize wakeups and battery usage.
|
| startOnBoot(optional) | boolean | Only for: Android Whether to restart background fetch events when the device has finished booting. Default: false |
| stopOnTerminate(optional) | boolean | Only for: Android Whether to stop receiving background fetch events after user terminates the app. Default: true |
Enums
This return value is to let iOS know what the result of your background fetch was, so the platform can better schedule future background fetches. Also, your app has up to 30 seconds to perform the task, otherwise your app will be terminated and future background fetches may be delayed.
BackgroundFetchStatus.Denied = 1The user explicitly disabled background behavior for this app or for the whole system.
BackgroundFetchStatus.Restricted = 2Background updates are unavailable and the user cannot enable them again. This status can occur when, for example, parental controls are in effect for the current user.
权限
Android
在 Android 上,这个模块可能会在设备启动时监听。为了继续执行使用 startOnBoot 启动的任务,这是必要的。它还会保持那些很快进入空闲和睡眠状态的设备“唤醒”,以提高任务可靠性。因此,RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED 和 WAKE_LOCK 这两个权限会自动添加。
| Android Permission | Description |
|---|---|
Allows an application to receive the Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED that is broadcast after the system finishes booting.
| |
Allows using PowerManager WakeLocks to keep processor from sleeping or screen from dimming. |